Repair or replace?
Weigh safety first, then the unit's age and condition, what repair actually costs against its remaining life, and whether upcoming renovations change the picture.
Boiler, furnace, or heat pump?
It comes down to the building's measured load, what distribution is already in place, available fuel and electrical capacity, and how much weight cooling carries in the decision.
Why is one floor uncomfortable?
Uneven comfort between floors is rarely one cause—duct or pipe balance, return-air placement, stack effect in taller houses, sun exposure, and insulation gaps often overlap.
What should commissioning include?
A proper startup means measured airflow or water flow, refrigerant charge or combustion readings, verified controls, checked drainage, and paperwork showing what was actually set.